一般為了加工出合格的零件，需要從毛坯上切去的那層金屬的厚度，稱為加工余量。加工余量又可分為工序余量和總余量。某工序中需要切除的那層金屬厚度，稱為該工序的加工余量。從毛坯到成品總共需要切除的余量，稱為總余量，等于相應表面各工序余量之和。<<<數控車床加工裝夾要考慮幾點

　　在工(gong)件上(shang)留加(jia)工(gong)余(yu)量的(de)目的(de)是(shi)為了切(qie)除(chu)上(shang)一道工(gong)序所留下來的(de)加(jia)工(gong)誤差和(he)表(biao)面(mian)缺陷，如鑄件表(biao)面(mian)冷硬層、氣孔、夾砂層，鍛件表(biao)面(mian)的(de)氧化皮、脫(tuo)碳層、表(biao)面(mian)裂紋，切(qie)削加(jia)工(gong)后的(de)內應力層和(he)表(biao)面(mian)粗糙度(du)等。從而提高工(gong)件的(de)精度(du)和(he)表(biao)面(mian)粗糙度(du)。

　　加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量的(de)大(da)(da)小對(dui)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量和(he)(he)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)效率(lv)(lv)均有(you)較大(da)(da)影響。加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量過(guo)大(da)(da)，不僅增加(jia)了(le)機械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)勞動量，降低了(le)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)率(lv)(lv)，而且增加(jia)了(le)材料、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具和(he)(he)電力消耗(hao)，提高了(le)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本。若(ruo)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量過(guo)小，則既不能消除上道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序的(de)各種(zhong)缺陷和(he)(he)誤(wu)差(cha)，又(you)不能補償(chang)本工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時的(de)裝(zhuang)夾誤(wu)差(cha)，造成(cheng)廢品。

　　而其選取原則是(shi)在保證質量(liang)的前提下，使余量(liang)盡可能小(xiao)。一般來(lai)說，越是(shi)精加(jia)工(gong)(gong)，工(gong)(gong)序余量(liang)越小(xiao)。

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