在進行(xing)機(ji)械加(jia)工 中，刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具的選(xuan)擇非常重要;那(nei)么(me)，其主要是根據什么(me)來進行(xing)選(xuan)擇的，機(ji)械加(jia)工 關(guan)于刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具的選(xuan)用，加(jia)工曲面(mian)(mian)(mian)類零(ling)件時(shi)，為了保證(zheng)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具切(qie)削刃(ren)(ren)(ren)與加(jia)工輪廓(kuo)在切(qie)削點相切(qie)，而(er)避免刀(dao)(dao)(dao)刃(ren)(ren)(ren)與工件輪廓(kuo)發生干涉，一(yi)般(ban)(ban)采用球頭刀(dao)(dao)(dao)，粗加(jia)工用兩刃(ren)(ren)(ren)銑刀(dao)(dao)(dao)，半(ban)精加(jia)工和精加(jia)工用四(si)刃(ren)(ren)(ren)銑刀(dao)(dao)(dao);銑較大平面(mian)(mian)(mian)時(shi)，為了提(ti)高(gao)生產效率和提(ti)高(gao)加(jia)工表面(mian)(mian)(mian)粗糙度，一(yi)般(ban)(ban)采用刀(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)鑲嵌式盤形(xing)銑刀(dao)(dao)(dao);銑小(xiao)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)或臺(tai)階面(mian)(mian)(mian)時(shi)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)采用通(tong)用銑刀(dao)(dao)(dao);銑鍵槽時(shi)，為了保證(zheng)槽的尺寸精度、一(yi)般(ban)(ban)用兩刃(ren)(ren)(ren)鍵槽銑刀(dao)(dao)(dao)。

　　機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong) 背(bei)吃刀(dao)(dao)量(liang)的(de)(de)確定。在(zai)保證(zheng)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)表面質量(liang)的(de)(de)前(qian)提下，背(bei)吃刀(dao)(dao)量(liang)應據機(ji)床(chuang)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件和(he)(he)刀(dao)(dao)具的(de)(de)剛(gang)度(du)來決定，在(zai)剛(gang)度(du)允(yun)許的(de)(de)條件下，應盡(jin)可(ke)能使(shi)背(bei)吃刀(dao)(dao)量(liang)等(deng)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)，這樣(yang)可(ke)以減少(shao)走刀(dao)(dao)次數，提高生產效率。機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孔(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)刀(dao)(dao)具的(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)。數控(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)孔(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一般無鉆(zhan)(zhan)模，由(you)于(yu)鉆(zhan)(zhan)頭的(de)(de)剛(gang)性和(he)(he)切(qie)削(xue)條件差，選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)頭直(zhi)徑D應滿足L/D≤5(L為鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)深度(du))的(de)(de)條件;鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)前(qian)先用(yong)中(zhong) 心(xin)鉆(zhan)(zhan)定位，保證(zheng)孔(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)定位精度(du);精絞前(qian)可(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)浮動絞刀(dao)(dao)，絞孔(kong)(kong)前(qian)孔(kong)(kong)口要倒角(jiao);鏜孔(kong)(kong)時應盡(jin)量(liang)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)對稱(cheng)的(de)(de)多刃鏜刀(dao)(dao)頭進(jin)行切(qie)削(xue)，以平衡鏜削(xue)振動;盡(jin)量(liang)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)較(jiao)粗和(he)(he)較(jiao)短的(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)桿，以減少(shao)切(qie)削(xue)振動。在(zai)經濟型(xing)數控(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，由(you)于(yu)刀(dao)(dao)具的(de)(de)刃磨、測(ce)量(liang)和(he)(he)更換(huan)多為人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)手動進(jin)行，占用(yong)輔助時間較(jiao)長，因此，必 須合理安排(pai)刀(dao)(dao)具的(de)(de)排(pai)列順序。

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