機器(qi)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程是指從原(yuan)材料(liao)(或半成(cheng)品)制成(cheng)產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)全部過(guo)程。對機器(qi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)而言包括原(yuan)材料(liao)的(de)(de)運輸(shu)和保存，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)準備，毛(mao)坯(pi)的(de)(de)制造，零件的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)和熱(re)處理，產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)配(pei)、及(ji)調試(shi)，油漆(qi)和包裝(zhuang)等內容(rong)。生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程的(de)(de)內容(rong)十分廣泛，現代企業用系統(tong)工(gong)程學的(de)(de)原(yuan)理和方法組織生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和指導生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，將生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程看成(cheng)是一(yi)個具(ju)有(you)輸(shu)入和輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)系統(tong)。

在生產(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，凡是(shi)(shi)改(gai)變生產(chan)對象的(de)形(xing)狀、尺寸(cun)、位置和性質等，使其(qi)成(cheng)為成(cheng)品或者半(ban)成(cheng)品的(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)稱為工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。它是(shi)(shi)生產(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)主(zhu)要部分(fen)。工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)又可分(fen)為鑄(zhu)造、鍛造、沖壓、焊接、機(ji)械(xie)(xie)加工(gong)(gong)、裝配等工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，機(ji)械(xie)(xie)制造工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一般(ban)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)零件(jian)的(de)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和機(ji)器的(de)裝配工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)總和，其(qi)他(ta)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)則稱為輔(fu)助(zhu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，例如運輸、保管、動(dong)力(li)供應、設(she)備維(wei)修(xiu)等。工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)又是(shi)(shi)由一個或若干個順序排列的(de)工(gong)(gong)序組成(cheng)的(de)，一個工(gong)(gong)序由有(you)若干個工(gong)(gong)步組成(cheng)。

工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序是(shi)組成(cheng)(cheng)機械加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程的(de)基本單元。所(suo)謂工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序是(shi)指一個(或(huo)一組)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人，在(zai)一臺機床上(shang)(或(huo)一個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作地點)，對(dui)同(tong)一工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(或(huo)同(tong)時對(dui)幾(ji)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian))所(suo)連(lian)續(xu)(xu)完成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)那一部分工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程。構成(cheng)(cheng)一個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序的(de)主要特點是(shi)不改(gai)變(bian)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)象、設備和操作者，而且(qie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序的(de)內容是(shi)連(lian)續(xu)(xu)完成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)

工(gong)步(bu)是在加工(gong)表面不變、加工(gong)工(gong)具(ju)不變、切(qie)削用量不變的條件下

走刀又叫工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)行(xing)程，是加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)具在加工(gong)(gong)表面上加工(gong)(gong)一次所完成的工(gong)(gong)步。

制(zhi)定(ding)機械(xie)加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)過程(cheng)，一定(ding)要(yao)確(que)定(ding)該工(gong)件要(yao)經過幾道工(gong)序(xu)以及(ji)工(gong)序(xu)進行的先后順序(xu)，僅列出主(zhu)要(yao)工(gong)序(xu)名稱及(ji)其加(jia)工(gong)順序(xu)的簡略工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)過程(cheng)，稱為工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)路線。

工藝路線的擬定是制定工藝過程的總體布局，主要任務是選擇各個表面的加工方法，確定各個表面的加工順序，以及整個工藝過程中工序數目的多少等。工藝路線擬定須遵循一定的原則。

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